The evaluation study for social cognition measures in Japan: Psychometric properties, relationships with social function, and recommendations.

AIM: Patients with schizophrenia can have significant subjective difficulties in social cognition, but few undergo testing or treatment for social cognition. The Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) study recommends six social cognitive measures; however, the reliability and validity of these measures in different cultural and linguistic areas has not been adequately examined. We examined the psychometric properties of nine social cognitive measures and the relationship to social function, with the aim of determining the level of recommendation for social cognitive measures in clinical practice in Japan. METHODS: For our test battery, an expert panel previously selected nine measures: the Bell Lysaker Emotion Recognition Task (BLERT); Facial Emotion Selection Test (FEST); Hinting Task (Hinting); Metaphor and Sarcasm Scenario Test (MSST); Intentionality Bias Task (IBT); Ambiguous Intentions and Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ); Social Attribution Task-Multiple Choice (SAT-MC); SAT-MCII; and Biological Motion (BM) task. In total, 121 outpatients with schizophrenia and 70 healthy controls were included in the analysis, and the results were provided to an expert panel to determine the recommendations for each measure. The quantitative psychological indices of each measure were evaluated for practicality, tolerability, test-retest reliability, correlation with social function, and the incremental validity of social function. RESULTS: Hinting and FEST received the highest recommendations for use in screening, severity assessment, and longitudinal assessment, followed by BLERT, MSST AIHQ, SAT-MC, and SAT-MCII, with IBT and BM receiving the lowest recommendations. CONCLUSION: This study provides a uniform assessment tool that can be used in future international clinical trials for social cognitive impairment.

Clinical variables contributing to the identification of biologically defined subgroups within cognitively unimpaired and mild cognitive impairment individuals.

BACKGROUND: A lack of consensus exists in linking demographic, behavioral, and cognitive characteristics to biological stages of dementia, defined by the ATN (amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration) classification incorporating amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury biomarkers. METHODS: Using a random forest classifier we investigated whether 27 demographic, behavioral, and cognitive characteristics allowed distinction between ATN-defined groups with the same cognitive profile. This was done separately for three cognitively unimpaired (CU) (112 A-T-N-; 46 A+T+N+/-; 65 A-T+/-N+/-) and three mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (128 A-T-N-; 223 A+T+N+/-; 94 A-T+/-N+/-) subgroups. RESULTS: Classification-balanced accuracy reached 39% for the CU and 52% for the MCI subgroups. Logical Delayed Recall (explaining 16% of the variance), followed by the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale 13 (14%) and Everyday Cognition Informant (10%), were the most relevant characteristics for classification of the MCI subgroups. Race and ethnicity, marital status, and Everyday Cognition Patient were not relevant (0%). CONCLUSIONS: The demographic, behavioral, and cognitive measures used in our model were not informative in differentiating ATN-defined CU profiles. Measures of delayed memory, general cognition, and activities of daily living were the most informative in differentiating ATN-defined MCI profiles; however, these measures alone were not sufficient to reach high classification performance.

Assessing Theory of Mind in Children: A Tablet-Based Adaptation of a Classic Picture Sequencing Task.

Correctly assessing children's theory of mind (TOM) is essential to clinical practice. Yet, most tasks heavily rely on language, which is an obstacle for several populations. Langdon and Coltheart's (Cognition 71(1):43-71, 1999) Picture Sequencing Task (PST), developed for research purposes, avoids this limitation through a minimally-verbal procedure. We thus developed a tablet adaptation of this task for individual application, engaging children's motivation and allowing response times collection. To assess this tablet-PST, we first tested a large sample of neurotypical children (6-11 years-old, N = 248), whose results confirmed the task's structural and content validity, and permitted the construction of three standardized clinical indices. In a second experiment, we applied those to previously diagnosed autistic children (N = 23), who were expected to show atypical TOM performance. Children's outcomes were consistent with what was hypothesized and confirmed the task's external validity and moderate clinical sensitivity. The tablet-PST thus appears as a suitable tool, providing detailed profiles to inform clinical decisions.

The Short Executive Function Scale.

This study involved a psychometric evaluation of the Short Executive Function Scale (SEFS), a new 15-item self-report questionnaire measuring five constructs: Planning, Inhibition, Working Memory, Shifting, and Emotional Control. Participants included 717 U.S. undergraduate students (M = 18.9 years old, SD = 1.9; 78.8% cisgender female, 81.7% White) who completed the SEFS. A subset of 156 participants (M = 18.8 years old, SD = 0.9; 79.5% cisgender female, 83.3% White) completed the SEFS again at 2- to 3-month retest along with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult (BRIEF-A) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). The five-factor model fit well (CFI = 0.941, RMSEA = 0.079) and each scale had acceptable internal consistency (ω range: .68-.81) and test-retest reliability (ICC range: .75-.89). Apart from Shifting, all SEFS scales had significantly larger convergent validity coefficients with their respective BRIEF-A scales (r range: -.25 to -.70) than discriminant validity coefficients with the PHQ-8 (r range: -.06 to -.28). These findings provide preliminary psychometric support for the SEFS.

Psychometric properties of parental stress scales used in paediatric health care settings: A systematic review1.

AIM: To identify scales that assess parental stress in the paediatric clinical population and to analyse their psychometric properties. METHODS: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus) and metasearch engines (Google Scholar and Open Grey) were searched with no time period limitations. Methodological quality was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach modified by COSMIN. Finally, recommendations were made for the instruments with the highest quality of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 38 studies reporting on 11 different instruments for assessing parental stress in the paediatric clinical setting were included. Six instruments were 'A' rated (recommended) in the final phase in line with COSMIN guidelines. The Paediatric Inventory for Parents was the instrument that evaluated the highest number of psychometric properties and obtained the highest methodological quality, global assessment, and quality of evidence for the different psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides an overview of the measurement properties of the parental stress instruments used in the paediatric clinical setting. The Paediatric Inventory for Parents stands out as being one of the most robust instruments for measuring stress in parents with a hospitalised or sick child. Evidence needs to be generated for all the parental stress scales used in the clinical setting. IMPACT: Given that the psychometric properties of the existing parental stress scales used in paediatric health care settings have not been systematically assessed, the present review utilised comprehensive methods according to COSMIN. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: REPORTING METHOD: PRISMA statement and COSMIN reporting guidelines for studies on measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures.

Computerized adaptive test strategies for the matrix reasoning subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th Edition (WAIS-IV).

OBJECTIVE: Most neuropsychological tests were developed without the benefit of modern psychometric theory. We used item response theory (IRT) methods to determine whether a widely used test - the 26-item Matrix Reasoning subtest of the WAIS-IV - might be used more efficiently if it were administered using computerized adaptive testing (CAT). METHOD: Data on the Matrix Reasoning subtest from 2197 participants enrolled in the National Neuropsychology Network (NNN) were analyzed using a two-parameter logistic (2PL) IRT model. Simulated CAT results were generated to examine optimal short forms using fixed-length CATs of 3, 6, and 12 items and scores were compared to the original full subtest score. CAT models further explored how many items were needed to achieve a selected precision of measurement (standard error ≤ .40). RESULTS: The fixed-length CATs of 3, 6, and 12 items correlated well with full-length test results (with r = .90, .97 and .99, respectively). To achieve a standard error of .40 (approximate reliability = .84) only 3-7 items had to be administered for a large percentage of individuals. CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept investigation suggests that the widely used Matrix Reasoning subtest of the WAIS-IV might be shortened by more than 70% in most examinees while maintaining acceptable measurement precision. If similar savings could be realized in other tests, the accessibility of neuropsychological assessment might be markedly enhanced, and more efficient time use could lead to broader subdomain assessment.

Adaptación transcultural del instrumento Intensive Care Psychological Assessment Tool en Colombia / Cross-Cultural adaptation of the Intensive Care Psychological Assessment Tool in Colombia / Adaptação transcultural do instrumento Intensive Care Psychological Assessment Tool na Colômbia

La hospitalización de una persona en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) puede generar alteraciones mentales y físicas post internación; en Colombia existen pocas investigaciones para la detección anticipada de morbilidad psicológica en UCI. Este estudio busca generar una versión al español equivalente al instrumento Intensive Care Psychological Assessment Tool (IPAT). Se realizó una traducción directa e inversa del instrumento, previa autorización de los autores se incluyó participación de profesionales lingüistas en las traducciones. Se aplicaron entrevistas a personas de diferentes perfiles sociodemográficos hospitalizadas en UCI, para verificar la adecuación cultural y comparación de la versión colombiana con la versión original. Se encontraron que los ítems 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 presentaron comprensibilidad del 100%, los restantes ítems 6, 7, 8 y 9 comprensibilidad del 97,5% y el ítem 10 una compresibilidad del 90% que requirió modificaciones. Las medidas de soporte vital como la ventilación mecánica, experiencias traumáticas y recuerdos de la hospitalización, han demostrado ser factores para desarrollar: Ansiedad depresión y trastorno de estrés postraumático, se espera que este estudio sea un punto de referencia para nuevas investigaciones basadas en adaptaciones transculturales de enfermería en Latinoamérica respecto a morbilidad psicológica. La versión colombiana del instrumento IPAT derivada por la adaptación transcultural es equivalente a la inglesa. El estudio sirve como inicio de nuevas investigaciones que busquen desarrollar un instrumento en español personalizado y verificado, y que pueda ser utilizado de forma habitual por el personal de enfermería en un futuro próximo.

Hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) can result in mental and physical disturbances post-hospitalization. In Colombia, there is little research exploring the early detection of psychological morbidity in the ICU. This study aimed to develop a version of the Intensive Care Psychology Assessment Tool (IPAT) in Spanish equivalent to the original instrument. Direct and reverse translations of the IPAT instrument were carried out with prior authorization from the authors and the participation of professional linguists. People with different sociodemographic profiles, hospitalized in the ICU, were interviewed to confirm the cultural adequacy of the Colombian version, as well as to compare it with the original version. It was found that items 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 presented 100% comprehensibility, items 6, 7, 8, and 9 had 97.5% comprehensibility, and item 10 had 90% comprehensibility, requiring modifications. Life support measures such as mechanical ventilation, traumatic experiences, and memories of the hospital stay were detected as factors for the development of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. It is hoped that this study will be a reference point for new research based on cross-cultural adaptations related to psychological morbidity, in the nursing field in Latin America. The Colombian version of the IPAT instrument derived from this cross-cultural adaptation is equivalent to the English one. This study represents a starting point for new research that aims to develop a personalized and validated instrument in Spanish that can be used regularly by nursing staff in the near future.

A internação de uma pessoa na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) pode gerar alterações mentais e físicas pós-internação; na Colômbia há poucas pesquisas para a detecção precoce de morbidade psicológica na UTI. Este estudo busca gerar uma versão em espanhol equivalente ao instrumento Intensive Care Psychology Assessment Tool (IPAT). Foi realizada tradução direta e reversa do instrumento IPAT, com autorização prévia dos autores, foi incluída a participação de linguistas profissionais nas traduções. Serão aplicadas entrevistas com pessoas de diferentes perfis sociodemográficos internadas na UTI, para verificar a adequação cultural e comparação da versão colombiana com a versão original. Verificou-se que os itens 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 apresentaram 100% de compreensibilidade, os demais itens 6, 7, 8 e 9 tiveram 97,5% de compreensibilidade e o item 10 teve 90% de compreensibilidade que necessitou de modificações. Medidas de suporte à vida, como ventilação mecânica, experiências traumáticas e memórias de hospitalização, demonstraram ser fatores no desenvolvimento de: ansiedade, depressão e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, espera-se que este estudo seja um ponto de referência para novas pesquisas baseadas em estudos cruzados de adaptações culturais da enfermagem na América Latina em relação à morbidade psicológica. A versão colombiana do instrumento IPAT derivada da adaptação transcultural é equivalente à inglesa. O estudo serve como início de novas pesquisas que buscam desenvolver um instrumento personalizado e verificado em espanhol, e que possa ser utilizado regularmente pela equipe de enfermagem em um futuro próximo.

Comparison of methods for controlling acquiescence bias in balanced and unbalanced scales / Comparação de métodos para o controle do viés da aquiescência em escalas balanceadas e desbalanceadas / Comparación de métodos para controlar el sesgo de aquiescencia en escalas balanceadas y no balanceadas

Controlling acquiescence bias typically involves the application of positive and negative keyed items. However, little is known about the effect of balancing positive and negative items on bias control. The aim of this study was to compare three Confirmatory Factor Analysis models (without control, MIMIC, and Random Intercept) to recover the factor structure of unbalanced and balanced instruments, using simulated and real data (from an instrument that assesses Personality). By controlling for acquiescence, the results indicated that the performance of balanced scales was better than that of unbalanced scales, as well as in the absence of control for response bias, when considering balanced and unbalanced scales. Thus, this research suggests the possibility of controlling acquiescence through balanced instruments associated with the use of statistical methods in modeling.(AU)

O controle do viés de aquiescência normalmente envolve a aplicação de itens positivos e negativos. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito do balanceamento entre itens positivos e negativos sobre o controle do viés. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar três modelos de Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (sem controle, MIMIC e Intercepto Randômico) para recuperar a estrutura fatorial de instrumentos desbalanceados e balanceados, a partir de dados simulados e reais (procedentes de um instrumento que avalia Personalidade). Mediante o controle da aquiescência, os resultados indicaram que a performance de escalas balanceadas foi melhor do que de escalas desbalanceadas, bem como na ausência de controle desse viés de resposta, ao considerar as escalas balanceadas e desbalanceadas. Dessa maneira, esta pesquisa aponta para a possibilidade de controle de aquiescência por meio de instrumentos balanceados associada ao uso dos métodos estatísticos na modelagem.(AU)

El control del sesgo de aquiescencia involucra la aplicación de ítems positivos y negativos. Sin embargo, el efecto del equilibrio entre ítems positivos y negativos en el control del sesgo sigue siendo una pregunta abierta. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar tres modelos de Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (sin control, MIMIC e Intercepto Aleatorio) para recuperar la estructura factorial de instrumentos balanceados y desbalanceados, a partir de datos simulados y reales (a partir de un instrumento que evalúa personalidad). El control de este sesgo de respuesta indicó que el desempeño de escalas balanceadas fue mejor que el de escalas desbalanceadas, así como en la ausencia del control de la aquiescencia, al considerar escalas balanceadas y desbalanceadas. Por lo tanto, esta investigación sugiere la posibilidad de controlar este sesgo de respuesta por medio de instrumentos balanceados asociados con el uso de métodos estadísticos modelado.(AU)

Relevancia de la orientación profesional

La importancia de la orientación profesional implica tomar en cuenta muchos elementos a nivel de procedimientos en las pruebas psicológicas para tener un resultado objetivo en la elección de la carrera profesional. El método de investigación es cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo porque pretende analizar la relevancia del tema. El diseño es no experimental puesto que no se manipulo ninguna variable, con un carácter transversal, ya que la información se recolecto en un tiempo determinado. La población fue los cuatro paralelos (A - B - C - D) de sexto del nivel secundario, en un total de 128 estudiantes entre varones y mujeres. Se aplicaron las baterías de: Test de Aptitudes Diferenciales (DAT), test de inteligencia (RAVEN GENERAL), cuestionario de personalidad para adolescentes (H.S.P.Q) y la escala de preferencias vocacionales (KUDER forma "E"). Los resultados describen la falta de atención del estado para proponer programas de Orientación Profesional a todos los bachilleres a nivel nacional, y con la prueba experimental se demuestra la importancia de test con pruebas psicológicas, que permiten que los estudiantes puedan reconocer sus conocimientos y capacidades intelectuales para elegir una carrera acorde a sus probabilidades psicológicas, del entorno educativo y social, con el apoyo y participación de los profesores/as al brindar un espacio y tiempo determinado para los estudiantes de sexto de secundaria, y de los padres de familia para que puedan apoyar a sus hijos a realizarse en una profesión científica o técnica de acuerdo a su formación y conocimientos.

The importance of professional guidance implies taking into account many elements at the level of procedures in psychological tests to have an objective result in choosing a professional career. The research method is quantitative, of a descriptive type because it intends to analyze the relevance of the topic. The design is non-experimental since no variable was manipulated, with a transversal character, since the information was collected in a determined time. The population was the four parallels (A - B - C - D) of the sixth grade of the secondary level, in a total of 128 students between men and women. The batteries of: Differential Aptitudes Test (DAT), intelligence test (RAVEN GENERAL), personality questionnaire for adolescents (H.S.P.Q) and the scale of vocational preferences (KUDER form "E") were applied. The results describe the lack of attention of the state to propose Vocational Guidance programs to all high school graduates at the national level, and with the experimental test the importance of psychological tests is demonstrated, which allow students to recognize their knowledge and intellectual abilities. to choose a career according to their psychological probabilities, the educational and social environment, with the support and participation of teachers by providing a specific space and time for students in the sixth grade of secondary school, and of parents so that they can support their their children to perform in a scientific or technical profession according to their training and knowledge.

A importância da orientação profissional implica ter em conta muitos elementos ao nível dos procedimentos em testes psicológicos para ter um resultado objetivo na escolha de uma carreira profissional. O método de pesquisa é quantitativo, do tipo descritivo, pois pretende analisar a relevância do tema. O delineamento é não experimental já que nenhuma variável foi manipulada, com caráter transversal, já que as informações foram coletadas em um tempo determinado. A população foram os quatro paralelos (A - B - C - D) da sexta série do ensino médio, em um total de 128 alunos entre homens e mulheres. Foram aplicadas as baterias de: Teste Diferencial de Aptidões (DAT), teste de inteligência (RAVEN GENERAL), questionário de personalidade para adolescentes (H.S.P.Q) e escala de preferências vocacionais (KUDER forma "E"). Os resultados descrevem a falta de atenção do estado em propor programas de Orientação Profissional a todos os egressos do ensino médio em nível nacional, e com o teste experimental é demonstrada a importância dos testes psicológicos, que permitem aos alunos reconhecer seus conhecimentos e habilidades intelectuais. escolher uma carreira de acordo com suas probabilidades psicológicas, o ambiente educacional e social, com o apoio e participação dos professores ao fornecer um espaço e tempo específico para os alunos da sexta série do ensino médio e dos pais para que eles possam apoiar seus filhos exercer uma profissão científica ou técnica de acordo com a sua formação e conhecimentos.

Evidencias psicométricas de la Escala de Ideación Suicida de Roberts en adolescentes peruanos / Psychometric evidence of the Roberts Suicidal Ideation Scale in Peruvian adolescents

Resumen La ideación suicida consiste en pensamientos relacionados con la muerte, con o sin planificación del lugar o los métodos que se utilizarán. Se ha evidenciado que la ideación suicida es más prevalente en la adolescencia, una etapa crucial durante el desarrollo del ser humano. Identificar e intervenir estos problemas es de suma importancia y los instrumentos psicométricos de evaluación son una herramienta complementaria en la práctica clínica o investigación básica. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar las fuentes de evidencias de validez de la Escala de Ideación Suicida de Roberts en adolescentes peruanos. El diseño fue instrumental y participaron 399 adolescentes residentes en Lima, el 59.4 % eran mujeres, la edad promedio fue 17.81 (DE = 1.03) en un rango de 15 a 19 años. Asimismo, se realizaron preguntas adicionales sobre el comportamiento suicida durante los últimos 12 meses, a las cuales el 2.8 % respondió que consideró suicidarse y el 2.5 % que hizo planes de suicidio o intentó suicidarse, pero no tuvo éxito. Por otro lado, los resultados de la investigación sugieren una estructura factorial unidimensional (CFI = .99; RMSEA = .04 [90 % CI; .00-.12], SRMR = .01, WRMR = .30), adecuada consistencia interna (ω = .84) y de constructo (H = .94), coherente relación con otras variables e invarianza de acuerdo con el sexo y la edad (ΔCFI < .01; ΔSRMR < .03). Los hallazgos permiten concluir que las puntuaciones de la escala para el uso específico en adolescentes peruanos y comparación de grupos (sexo y edad) son confiables y adecuadas.

Abstract Suicidal ideation are thoughts related to death, with or without planning the place or the methods that would be used to kill oneself. Suicidal ideation has been shown to be more prevalent in adolescence, a crucial stage during human development. Identifying and intervening these problems is of utmost importance to prevent suicidal behaviors and the comorbidity of other psychological problems that can worsen the mental and physical health of the adolescent. A complementary tool in clinical practice or basic research are psychometric instruments that allow evaluating non-observable constructs in the field of psychology, for example, suicidal ideation. Therefore, the objective of the study was to present the sources of validity evidence based on the content, internal structure and in the relationship with other variables of the Roberts Suicidal Ideation Scale in Peruvian adolescents. Suicidal ideation are thoughts related to death, with or without planning the place or the methods that would be used to kill oneself. Suicidal ideation has been shown to be more prevalent in adolescence, a crucial stage during human development. Identifying and intervening these problems is of utmost importance to prevent suicidal behaviors and the comorbidity of other psychological problems that can worsen the mental and physical health of the adolescent. A complementary tool in clinical practice or basic research are psychometric instruments that allow evaluating non-observable constructs in the field of psychology, for example, suicidal ideation. Therefore, the objective of the study was to present the sources of validity evidence based on the content, internal structure and in the relationship with other variables of the Roberts Suicidal Ideation Scale in Peruvian adolescents. The study has an instrumental and cross-sectional design. 399 adolescents residing in Lima participated, selected through convenience sampling and inclusion criteria: a) be between 10 and 19 years old, b) place of residence in Lima and c) have accepted informed consent. Adolescents who did not meet these criteria were excluded from the study. All participants answered three scales, which were: the Roberts Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Paykel Suicidal Ideation Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The last two scales have evidence of validity in the Peruvian adolescent population. In that sense, 237 (59.4 %) were women and 162 (40.6 %) were men. The mean age was 17.81 (SD = 1.03) in a range of 15 to 19 years. Likewise, additional questions were asked about suicidal behavior during the last 12 months, where 2.8 % considered seriously committing suicide, 2.5 % made suicide plans, and 2.5 % attempted suicide, but were unsuccessful. Regarding the results of the investigation. In principle, three Peruvian psychologists reviewed the content of the items and all considered that the items were representative and relevant to explain the construct. Likewise, through the modeling of structural equations, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to analyze the internal structure of the scale, where it was evidenced that the structure was essentially one-dimensional (CFI = .99; RMSEA = .04 [90 % CI; .00-.12], SRMR = .01, WRMR = .30) and presented factorial loads (λ) higher than .50. On the other hand, the internal consistency was acceptable ω = .84 [95 % CI: .81-.86] and reliability of the construct H = .94, showing that the items are homogeneous and coherent. The multigroup measurement invariance and its different conditions (configural, metric and strong) according to sex (women vs. men) and age (15 to 17 years vs. 18 to 19 years), was stable in the different restrictions and fulfilling the points of Suggested. Cut-off for the variation of the fit índices: (ΔCFI < .01; ΔSRMR < .03), showing that the internal structure of the instrument is the same for the sex and age groups. Finally, a positive relationship was found (r = .35; p = .01) with another instrument that assesses suicidal ideation (thoughts of death, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt) and negative relationships with the positive dimension (r = -.31; p = .01) and negative dimension (r = -.25; p = .01) of self-esteem. All correlations had a minimal effect size. The research results suggest a one-dimensional factorial structure, adequate internal and construct consistency, coherent relationship with other variables and invariance according to sex and age. The findings allow us to conclude and recommend of the Roberts Suicidal Ideation Scale scores for the specific use in Peruvian adolescents and comparison of groups (sex and age) are reliable and adequate.

Instruments to measure interaction of mothers and newborns: A systematic review.

Interactions between newborns and their parents/primary caregivers are characterized by asymmetric and dependent relationships. This systematic review mapped, identified, and described the psychometric parameters, categories, and items of instruments used to assess mother-newborn interaction. Seven electronic databases were accessed in this study. Furthermore, this research included neonatal interaction studies describing instruments' items, domains, and psychometric properties while excluding studies that focused on maternal interactions and lacked items for assessing newborns. Additionally, studies validated with older infants that did not have a newborn in the sample were used for test validation, which is a criterion used to decrease the risk of bias. Fourteen observational instruments from 1047 identified citations were included that addressed interactions using varying techniques, constructs, and settings. Particularly, we focused on observational settings that assessed interactions with communication-based constructs in the context of proximity or distance as influenced by physical, behavioral, or procedural barriers. These tools are also used to predict risk behaviors in a psychological context, mitigate feeding difficulties, and conduct neurobehavioral assessments of mother-newborn interactions. The elicited imitation was also an observational setting. This study found that the most described properties in the included citations were inter-rater reliability followed by criterion validity. However, only two instruments reported content, construct, and criterion validity, as well as a description of an internal consistency assessment and inter-rater reliability. Finally, the synthesis of the instruments reported in this study can guide clinicians and researchers in selecting the most appropriate one for their own application.

Validation of the Spanish Version of the Trauma and Loss Spectrum Self-Report (TALS-SR): A Study on Healthcare Workers Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The present study aimed at reporting about the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Trauma and Loss Spectrum-Self Report (TALS-SR), an instrument based on a multidimensional approach to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), including a range of threatening or traumatic experiences and significant losses, besides the spectrum of peri-traumatic stress reactions and post-traumatic stress symptoms that may occur. Methods: A sample of 87 Health Care Workers (HCWs) employed in the COVID-19 Emergency Department at the Virgen de la Arrixaca and Reina Sofia Hospitals (Murcia, Spain) during the pandemic, was consecutively recruited and fulfilled the TALS-SR. Assessments also included the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), to examine post-traumatic stress symptoms and probable PTSD. Nineteen HCWs fulfilled the TALS-SR again after three weeks from baseline for test-retest reliability. Results: This study provides evidence of good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Spanish version of the TALS-SR. Strong support for the internal validity structure was obtained, with positive and significant correlations between the five symptomatologic domains and the symptomatologic total score. Significant and good correlations between the TALS-SR symptomatologic domains and the IES-R total and single domains' scores were found. The Questionnaire also demonstrated to discriminate between subjects with and without PTSD, with subjects with PTSD showing significantly higher mean scores in each domain of the TALS-SR. Conclusion: This study validates the Spanish version of TALS-SR, providing a useful instrument for a spectrum approach to PTSD and confirms the potential utility of this psychometric tool in both clinical practice and research settings.

Depression and anxiety prevalence in people with cystic fibrosis and their caregivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of depression and anxiety in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) and their caregivers is high, however, results have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in PwCF and their caregivers and explore sources of heterogeneity. METHOD: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL plus and PsychINFO databases were searched from inception to January 2021. Studies were included if a specific psychometric tool (PT) to assess depression or anxiety (rather than quality of life) was used and did not involve a transitory patient state. Random-effects models were applied due to high anticipated heterogeneity and I2 estimates were calculated. Sources of heterogeneity were explored through subgroup comparisons. The presence of small-study effects was investigated visually using funnel plots and statistically using the Egger test. RESULTS: A total of 94 articles (48 full-text publications, 46 abstracts) were included. Depression prevalence in adolescents aged 12-18 years (n = 2386), adults (n = 9206) and caregivers (n = 6617) were 18.7% (95% CI 12.8-25.3%, I2 = 89.2%), 27.2% (95% CI 23.6-31%, I2 = 90.4%), and 32.8% (95% CI 27.9-37.9%, I2 = 90.3%), respectively. Anxiety prevalence in adolescents aged 12-18 years (n = 2142) was 26% (95% CI 19.6-33%, I2 = 86.4%), 28.4% (95% CI 25-31.9%, I2 = 85%) for adults (n = 8175), and 38.4% (95% CI 30.8-46.2%, I2 = 94.6%) for caregivers (n = 5931). Prevalence differed by the PT used and study location. DISCUSSION: This comprehensive analysis found the prevalence of depression and anxiety in PwCF and their caregivers to be high, supporting recommendations for regular screening. Choice of PT significantly influenced prevalence, indicating a need for future studies to identify the optimal PT for each CF population to identify those most at risk.

Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Scoping Review and Graphical Visualization of the Evidence.

BACKGROUND: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a hereditary neuromuscular disease with an estimated prevalence of 1/10 000 births. SMA is increasingly recognized as a multi-system disease with a need to study additional under-recognized health domains such as quality of life, fatigue, bulbar function, respiratory function, and independence. OBJECTIVE: Identify and assess reported evidence from the literature investigating Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in adults with SMA. Develop a novel method drawing from network theory to graphically depict the literature, PROMs, and supporting psychometric evidence. METHODS: A scoping review was completed following PRISM-ScR, COSMIN and JBI scoping review guidelines. Literature investigating PROMs in adult SMA or neuromuscular disease was identified from peer-reviewed and grey databases. A network graph was derived from extracted data. RESULTS: 5292 articles were retrieved, 81 articles met inclusion criteria; corresponding to 31 unique PROMs. Only two PROMs were developed specifically for SMA. Few PROMs covered multiple domains of health. Most PROMs were incompletely validated, focusing on concurrent validity, and few assessed responsiveness or internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS: PROMs are emerging tools for monitoring and assessing adults with SMA. Despite their potential benefits, additional validation studies should be completed prior to their use for clinical decision-making. Network graphics may represent a technique to aid in the visualization of evidence supporting a scoping review.

Sistema de avaliação de testes psicológicos: histórias contadas e não contadas / Psychological test evaluation system: stories told and untold / Sistema de evaluación de tests psicológicos: historias contadas y no contadas

O Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) recebeu notoriedade entre brasileiros e estrangeiros por oferecer um complexo sistema de qualificação dos testes psicológicos, pouco visto em âmbito mundial. Sua elaboração dependeu de uma autarquia, que o financiou, normatizou e o mantém, mas também de pesquisadores docentes de avaliação psicológica, que trouxeram a expertise da área para que houvesse o pleno estabelecimento de seus parâmetros. Passadas duas décadas de seu lançamento, o SATEPSI foi tema de artigos, capítulos, lives e diálogos digitais, nos quais foram destaque, de modo geral, as Resoluções do Conselho Federal de Psicologia, que o normatiza, e seus impactos para a área de avaliação psicológica - como, por exemplo, o aumento do número de pesquisas e de testes brasileiros qualificados. O que se pretende neste artigo é mencionar sua construção, à luz dos autores que vivenciaram o SATEPSI em funções e tempos distintos. Atenção especial será dada aos Métodos Projetivos, cuja história ainda é pouco revelada.(AU)

The system to evaluate psychological tests (Satepsi) received notoriety among Brazilians and foreigners for offering a complex system of qualification of psychological tests, which is rarely seen worldwide. Its development depended on an autarchy (which financed, standardized, and maintains it) and on researchers teaching psychological assessment, who brought their expertise to the area so its parameters could be fully established. After two decades of its launch, Satepsi was the subject of articles, chapters, lives, and digital dialogues, which usually highlighted the Resolutions of the Federal Council of Psychology that normatize psychological evaluation and their impacts, such as the increase in the number of qualified Brazilian tests. This study aims to mention its construction in the light of the authors who experienced Satepsi in different functions and times, giving special attention to Projective Methods, whose history remains to be shown.(AU)

El Sistema de Evaluación de Tests Psicológicos (SATEPSI) ganó notoriedad entre los brasileños y los extranjeros por ofrecer un complejo sistema de calificación de los tests psicológicos, poco frecuente a nivel mundial. Su elaboración dependió de una autarquía, que lo financió, lo estandarizó y lo mantiene, pero también de investigadores docentes de evaluación psicológica, que trajeron la experiencia del área para que hubiera el pleno establecimiento de sus parámetros. Tras dos décadas de su lanzamiento, SATEPSI fue tema de artículos, capítulos, en directo y diálogos digitales, en los cuales destacaron, de modo general, las Resoluciones del Consejo Federal de Psicología que lo normatiza y sus impactos para el área de evaluación psicológica, como el aumento del número de investigaciones y de pruebas brasileñas calificadas. Lo que se pretende en este artículo es mencionar su construcción, a la luz de los autores que vivieron el SATEPSI en funciones y tiempos distintos. Se prestará especial atención a los métodos proyectivos cuya historia aún no se ha revelado.(AU)

Atualidades e perspectivas futuras da comissão consultiva em avaliação psicológica / Current affairs and future perspectives of the consultative commission on psychological assessment (CCAP) / Actualidades y perspectivas de futuro de la comisión consultiva en evaluación psicológica

A Comissão Consultiva em Avaliação Psicológica (CCAP), atrelada ao Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), tem como objetivos emitir pareceres acerca de solicitações advindas da avaliação psicológica(AP), elaborar e propor atualizações de documentos técnicos e normativos do CFP relativos à AP, elaborar e propor diretrizes para o ensino e formação continuada em AP, conduzir o processo de avaliação dos instrumentos submetidos ao SATEPSI e discutir temas e propor ações no âmbito da AP. Nos últimos 20 anos, a CCAP vem buscando atender a esses objetivos, indicando novos caminhos para a área. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais atualidades e movimentos da CCAP, indicando caminhos possíveis e perspectivas futuras para a área de AP. São discutidas as ações atuais que vêm sendo desenvolvidas pela CCAP, bem como as ações futuras delineadas que buscam promover uma AP cada vez mais democrática. Concluímos que a AP é uma prática do(a) psicólogo(a) que deve ser operacionalizada com compromisso ético, atrelada aos direitos humanos e à justiça, com embasamento científico e alinhada às mudanças sociais.(AU)

The Consultative Commission on Psychological Assessment (CCAP), affiliated with the Psychological Test Evaluation System under the Federal Council of Psychology (CFP), has the following objectives: to provide expert opinions on requests stemming from psychological assessments (PA), to draft and propose updates to the CFP technical and normative documents pertaining to PA, to formulate and recommend guidelines for education and ongoing professional development in PA, to oversee the evaluation process of instruments submitted to SATEPSI, and to engage in discussions and propose initiatives within the PA. Over the past two decades, CCAP has diligently worked to achieve these goals, charting new avenues in the field. In this context, this study aims to describe the most current developments and initiatives of CCAP and outline prospective directions and future outlooks for the PA. This study delves into the current initiatives undertaken by CCAP and the prospective actions delineated to foster a progressively more inclusive PA. Thus, we claim that PA is a practice inherent to psychologists that demands ethical commitment, alignment with human rights and justice, a solid scientific foundation, and adaptation to evolving social dynamics.(AU)

La Comisión Consultiva en Evaluación Psicológica (CCAP), vinculada al Sistema de Evaluación de Pruebas Psicológicas (SATEPSI) del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP), tiene como objetivo emitir opinión técnica sobre solicitudes derivadas de la evaluación psicológica (EP), elaborar y proponer actualizaciones de documentos técnicos y normativos del CFP relacionados con EP, desarrollar y proponer lineamientos para la enseñanza y la formación continua en EP, conducir el proceso de evaluación de los instrumentos presentados al SATEPSI y discutir temas y proponer acciones en el ámbito de EP. Durante los últimos veinte años, la CCAP ha buscado alcanzar estos objetivos indicando nuevos caminos para el área. En este sentido, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar las principales actualidades y movimientos de la CCAP indicando posibles caminos y perspectivas de futuro para el área de EP. Se discuten las acciones actuales que ha desarrollado la CCAP, así como las acciones futuras perfiladas que buscan promover una EP cada vez más democrática. Se concluye que la EP es una práctica del psicólogo que debe ponerse en práctica con compromiso ético, vinculada a los derechos humanos y la justicia, con base científica y alineada con los cambios sociales.(AU)

Character Strengths Scale-Brief: initial psychometric studies / Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve: estudos psicométricos iniciais

Objective Character strengths are positive human characteristics that indicate a happy and successful life. The objective was to select items for the Character Strengths Scale-Brief instrument and to identify its psychometric properties. Method Exploratory factor analysis and qualitative analysis of the items (Study 1) were performed in a database of 4,540 people who responded to the Character Strengths Scale (71 items). In Study 2, 1,014 participants responded to the Character Strengths Scale-Brief (48 items). Results The psychometric indices identified in the confirmatory factor analyses were unsatisfactory for the instrument when considering structures previously reported in the literature. Conclusion After successive analyses, the structure of two factors of first order was considered the most adequate for the Character Strengths Scale-Brief (18 items), with better fit indexes and theoretical relevance. The results were discussed in the light of the literature.

Objetivo: Forças de caráter são características humanas positivas que indicam uma vida feliz e bem-sucedida. Neste artigo, objetivou-se selecionar itens para elaborar a Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve e identificar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. Método: Foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratórias e qualitativas dos itens (Estudo 1) a partir informações coletadas em um banco de dados composto por 4.540 registros de respostas à Escala de Forças de Caráter (71 itens). No Estudo 2, 1.014 participantes responderam à Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve (48 itens). Resultados: Os índices psicométricos identificados nas análises fatoriais confirmatórias foram insatisfatórios para o instrumento quando consideradas as estruturas relatadas anteriormente na literatura. Conclusão: Após sucessivas análises, a estrutura de dois fatores de primeira ordem foi considerada a mais adequada para a Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve (18 itens), com melhores índices de ajuste e pertinência teórica. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz da literatura.

Teacher's motivation for teaching: questionnaire validity evidence / Motivação do professor para o ensino: evidências de validade de instrumento de avaliação

Objective: The teacher's motivation is associated with his/her achievements, health and well-being, which reflect on the quality of teaching. Based on the Theory of Self-Determination, validity evidence of an instrument to assess teacher's motivation for teaching was developed, containing 26 items to be answered on a Likert-type scale. Method: The questionnaire Teacher's motivation for teaching was applied online in a sample of 509 higher education teachers, 50.39% female and 49.41% male, with ages ranging from 25 to 73 years. Data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis, using the Parallel Analysis method. Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a two factors structure with a few structural problems that required the deletion of some items. The 17-item version of the teacher's motivation for teaching was simple and the estimated adjustment indexes were very good. Conclusion: The high factor loadings obtained among the items and the two factors to which they clustered allow to consider them representatives of the constructs Autonomous and Controlled Motivation.

Objetivo: A motivação do professor está associada às suas conquistas, saúde e bem-estar, que refletem na qualidade do ensino. Com base na Teoria da Autodeterminação, buscou-se evidência de validade de um instrumento para avaliar a motivação do professor para ensinar, contendo 26 itens a serem respondidos em uma escala do tipo Likert. Método: O questionário Motivação do professor para o ensino foi aplicado online em uma amostra de 509 professores do ensino superior, 50,39% do sexo feminino e 49,41% do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 25 e os 73 anos. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise Fatorial Exploratória, utilizando-se o método de Análise Paralela. Resultados: A Análise Fatorial Exploratória revelou uma estrutura de dois fatores com alguns problemas estruturais que exigiram a exclusão de alguns itens. A versão de 17 itens da motivação do professor para ensinar foi simples e os índices de ajuste estimados foram muito bons. Conclusão: As altas cargas fatoriais obtidas entre os itens e os dois fatores aos quais eles se agrupam permitem considerá-los representantes dos construtos Motivação Autônoma e Controlada.

Cognitive evaluation in unaccompanied refugee children: a systematic review / Avaliação cognitiva em crianças refugiadas desacompanhadas: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objective: This study aims to identify what existing literature has shown about possible cognitive alterations in unaccompanied refugee children. Data sources: The search was performed in the Web of Science, PsycInfo, Scopus, and PubMed databases, including articles published in any year and in any language. The research was submitted to the Prospero protocol (ID: CRD42021257858), and the quality of the included articles was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data synthesis: Memory and attention are the main topics identified, largely because they are related to symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. However, low specificity was observed in the conduction of cognitive assessments, leading to relevant inconsistencies in the collected data. Conclusions: The use of psychological assessment instruments that are either poorly adapted or not adapted at all to the populations studied casts doubt on the validity of the data produced so far.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o que a literatura tem apresentado a respeito de possíveis alterações cognitivas em crianças refugiadas desacompanhadas. Fontes de dados: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Web of Science, PsycInfo, Scopus e PubMed, que incluiu artigos indexados produzidos em qualquer período e em qualquer idioma. A pesquisa foi submetida ao protocolo do International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews — Prospero (ID: CRD42021257858), e a qualidade dos artigos selecionados foi avaliada por meio do Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Síntese dos dados: Memória e atenção foram os principais tópicos identificados, em grande parte por sua relação com sintomas de transtorno do estresse pós-traumático. Contudo, foi observada baixa especificidade na condução dos testes cognitivos, levando a importantes inconsistências entre os dados coletados. Conclusões O uso de instrumentos de avaliação psicológica mal adaptados ou inadaptados para as populações estudadas coloca em dúvida a validade dos dados produzidos.